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Context matters: emotional responses to urban greening interventions depend on city settingNARA Subscribed
Urban green spaces deliver a remarkable range of human health and well-being benefits, and there is substantial, global effort into incorporating urban greening into the design of cities. However, intense competition for space in cities means small interstitial gaps in the urban fabric are being used for many contemporary green spaces, such as planter boxes or raised garden beds. These small urban greening interventions have b...
‘Fast’ and ‘slow’ water handling strategies explain pinyon pine decline and juniper expansionNARA Subscribed
Semiarid forests in the western USA have undergone large-scale shifts in dominance due to decreasing pinyon pine abundance and increasing juniper abundance. This shift has been attributed to fast water loss in aboveground pinyon tissues during a long-term drought. Water loss, or ‘outputs’, however, are only a part of a plant’s water budget. Water inputs, or root water uptake, are also important, but rarely well understood. We...
Expert consensus on passive heating interventions to promote skeletal muscle strength and mass: a delphi studyNARA Subscribed
Purpose Passive heating has emerged as a potential non‑exercise method to support muscle strength and mass, but its application is limited by inconsistent protocols and unclear dosage and safety guidelines. This study used a Delphi methodology to establish expert consensus on key parameters for passive heating interventions targeting neuromuscular and muscle morphology outcomes. Methods An international panel of academic exper...
The aetiology of frailty remains unknown. It has been hypothesised that individual differences in epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), may help to explain why some individuals become frail while others do not. Relating epigenetic measures to transitions in age-related frailty in individual patients requires longitudinal studies over many years. To overcome this barrier, we study associations between DNAm...
Discovery of a Potent Small Molecule Antagonist of GRPR for the Treatment of PruritusNARA Subscribed
Persistent pruritus (itch) affects the quality of life, and many itch syndromes remain untreatable. Previously, we identified the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) playing a critical role in mediating histamine-independent itch signaling. In this study, we aimed to identify small-molecule GRPR antagonists to treat histamine-independent itch. Starting with the known small-molecule GRPR antagonist PD 176,252, we conducte...
Bayesian hierarchical stock–recruitment models for setting conservation limits for Atlantic salmon stocks in ScotlandNARA Subscribed
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) populations in Scotland are subject to active management and conservation practices which require biological reference points (BRPs), specifically conservation limits, defined at the level of the stock. Acquiring the data necessary to independently derive these BRPs for all managed populations in Scotland is prohibitive, motivating the use of Bayesian hierarchical stock–recruitment models. The...
Artificial light at night (ALAN) can be an anthropogenic stressor, yet its effects on wildlife, especially diurnal insects, remain poorly understood. We test how ALAN influences larval growth, development, and performance of monarch butterflies ( Danaus plexippus ) reared on two host milkweed species ( Asclepias syriaca and A. incarnata ). Field experiments with four cohorts over 2 years revealed that exposure to ALAN from whi...
Conservation (or safe) havens are protected areas where barriers (e.g., fences) separate biodiversity from threatening processes and are being increasingly used to support conservation. Differences between selection pressures inside and outside havens can be anticipated; however, understanding of the evolutionary consequences of these differences is limited, and many changes may be going unnoticed. This hampers assessments of...
Dreissenid mussels represent two of the most problematic invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes yet little is known regarding the biochemical and nutritional composition of the veliger larval stage. Here, we quantified energy densities and fatty acids (FA) in veligers as metrics of nutritional quality relative to those determined for three size fractions of crustacean zooplankton collected from Lake Huron's Saginaw Bay...
Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
A Preliminary Investigation of Research Collaboration Through Scientific Paper Co-authorship in the Gulf of MexicoNARA Subscribed
It is well known that publications with collaborators from external institutions increase citations. This effect scales with spatial distance. There are also many barriers to long-distance collaborations, including linguistic differences, funding constraints, and the incremental costs of remote collaboration. This paper uses the Gulf of Mexico as a case study to examine long-distance research collaboration because it consists...
Exploring Marine Mammal Cognition as a Conservation ToolNARA Subscribed
Cognition is an animal's real‐time adaptation system for responding to change. Rapid environmental change, often anthropogenic, is expanding the range and severity of challenges confronting wild animals. Effective conservation requires a multifaceted approach that includes animals' capacities. Large‐brained, long‐lived animals such as marine mammals often have extensive capability to adaptively modify their behavior due to the...