Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, the neuroimaging features and associated anomalies observed in children affected by Dandy–Walker malformations (DWM) and variants (DWV) in a single tertiary hospital in Catania and compare our data to their existent in the literature. Methods A retrospective case series using the medical records has been performed on 28 children diagnosed with DWM and DWV admitted to a sin...

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features of childhood presenting with gray matter heterotopia observed in a single tertiary Pediatric Department in Catania and compare the data with those reported in the literature. Methods A retrospectively review of the history, clinical findings, electrophysiological features and magnetic resonance images of 22 children presenting with gray matter hete...

The in vivo repeated dose toxicity (RDT) test is intended to provide information on the possible risk caused by repeated exposure to a substance over a limited period of time. The measure of the RDT is the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) that is the dose at which no effects are observed, i.e., this endpoint indicates the safety level for a substance. The need to replace in vivo tests, as required by some European Regu...