This study evaluated the effects of precise irrigation strategies on saffron growth, yield and water productivity using a randomised complete block design with nine irrigation treatments and three replications. Treatments included irrigation based on soil moisture deficit at field capacity levels of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% (FC20, FC30, FC40 and FC50); soil moisture tension thresholds of −20 and −40 kPa (T20 and T40); cumulative...

Endemic taxa are critical constituents in the flora of most parts of the world. Recently, most of these taxa have become exposed to extinction. This study aims to increase understanding of four monocot Mediterranean threatened endemic taxa in Egypt ( Allium mareoticum Bornm. & Gauba, Bromus aegyptiacus Tausch, Muscari salah-eidii (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni, Pancratium arabicum Sickenb.) by description of their pollen and seed and...

The IUCN Red List, which provides data on distribution, ecology and habitats, population size, economic uses, threats and conservation actions, is a critical indicator of the status of the world's biodiversity and will assist in informing a necessary conservation decision. The Mediterranean region is characterized by a heavy endemism of plant diversity, where the majority of its species are narrow endemic species. The current...