Prostate cancer (CaP) is a heterogeneous malignancy, and its grading via Gleason scoring is essential for prognosis and therapeutic decision‑making. However, traditional histopathological methods are limited in detecting subtle biochemical variations. This study applies Raman spectroscopy (RS) to formalin‑fixed paraffin‑embedded (FFPE) CaP tissues of varying Gleason scores to uncover biochemical signatures associated with tumo...

Finite element models (FEMs) of the spine commonly use a limited number of simplified geometries. Nevertheless, the geometric features of the spine are important in determining its FEM outcomes. The link between a spinal segment’s shape and its biomechanical response has been studied, but the co-variances of the shape features have been omitted. We used a principal component (PCA)-based statistical shape modelling (SSM) approa...