Submarine landslides present significant hazards to offshore and nearshore environments. This study presents a novel approach to numerically simulate clay-rich submarine landslide events using a recently developed coupled material point method and computational fluid dynamics (MPM-CFD). The landslide events are modeled from their initiation to deposition. In this method, the soils and bedrock are represented by material point...

Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, or rooibos, is an important commercial crop in the Western Cape, South Africa. The growth rate of rooibos is highest during the hot, dry summers typical for this region. This suggests that the plants have a wide range of adaptive responses including morphological, physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms that help them cope with drought and heat stress. This study investiga...

Aims Perennial forages in rotation with annual crops can improve agricultural resilience by increasing soil organic carbon. However, how nitrogen (N) sources interact with rotation diversity to influence soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions is not well understood. Methods During three snow-free seasons, N 2 O emissions, crop yields, and ancillary variables were measured at three experimental sites with contrasting soil texture...

Indigofera L. is the most diverse genus in the tribe Indigofereae and the third largest genus in the Fabaceae with over 750 species distributed in most tropical to temperate areas of the world. The centre of diversity of the genus lies on the African continent, accounting for over two-thirds of its global diversity. Diversification of Indigofer a’s four main clades began in the Early Miocene, with the Tethyan and Cape Clades h...