Aim To investigate the association between hummingbird–plant network structure and species richness, phylogenetic signal on species' interaction pattern, insularity and historical and current climate. Location Fifty‐four communities along a c . 10,000 km latitudinal gradient across the A mericas (39° N –32° S ), ranging from sea level to c . 3700 m a.s.l., located on the mainland and on islands and covering a wide range of cli...

We evaluated the influences of CO 2 [Control, ∼ 370 µ mol mol − 1 ; 200 µ mol mol − 1 above ambient applied by free‐air CO 2 enrichment (FACE)] and soil water (Wet, Dry) on above‐ and below‐ground responses of C 3 (cotton, G ossypium hirsutum ) and C 4 (sorghum, Sorghum bicolor ) plants in monocultures and two density mixtures. In monocultures, CO 2 enrichment increased height, leaf area, above‐ground biomass and reproductive...