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Regional invasion history and land use shape the prevalence of non‐native species in local assemblagesNARA Subscribed
The ecological impact of non‐native species arises from their establishment in local assemblages. However, the rates of non‐native spread in new regions and their determinants have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined global databases documenting the occurrence of non‐native species and residence of non‐native birds, mammals, and vascular plants at regional and local scales to describe how the likelihood of non‐...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Concerns about the impacts of climate change have led to increased targets for biofuel in the global energy market. First-generation biofuel crops contain oil, sugar or starch and are usually also grown for food, whereas second-generation biofuel is derived from non-food sources, including lignocellulosic crops, fast-growing trees, crop residues and waste. Biofuel production drives land-use change, a major cause of biodiversit...
Fast, scalable, and automated identification of articles for biodiversity and macroecological datasetsNARA Subscribed
Aim Understanding broad‐scale ecological patterns and processes is necessary if we are to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenically driven biodiversity degradation. However, such analyses require large datasets and current data collation methods can be slow, involving extensive human input. Given rapid and ever‐increasing rates of scientific publication, manually identifying data sources among hundreds of thousands of art...
Measuring the long-term success of small-scale marine protected areas in a Philippine reef fisheryNARA Subscribed
Tropical coral reefs are subject to multiple pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. These pressures have caused widespread declines in reef health, resulting in the increased use of spatial management tools such as marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs have proven generally effective if well designed and enforced, but there are limited long-term studies investigating how the presence of small-scale MPAs affects f...
Environmental changes define ecological limits to species richness and reveal the mode of macroevolutionary competitionNARA Subscribed
Co‐dependent geological and climatic changes obscure how species interact in deep time. The interplay between these environmental factors makes it hard to discern whether ecological competition exerts an upper limit on species richness. Here, using the exceptional fossil record of Cenozoic Era macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, we assess the evidence for alternative modes of macroevolutionary competition. Our models suppo...
Can trait‐based analyses of changes in species distribution be transferred to new geographic areas?NARA Subscribed
Aim Anthropogenic environmental change is having a major impact on biodiversity. By identifying traits that correlate with changes in species range, comparative studies can shed light on the mechanisms driving this change; but such studies will be more useful for conservation if they have true predictive power, i.e. if their trait‐based models can be transferred to new regions. We aim to examine the ability of trait‐based mode...
Barro Colorado Island's phylogenetic assemblage structure across fine spatial scales and among clades of different agesNARA Subscribed
Phylogenetic analyses of assemblage membership provide insight into how ecological communities are structured. However, despite the scale‐dependency of many ecological processes, little is known about how assemblage and source pool size definitions can be altered, either alone or together, to provide insight into how ecological diversity is maintained. Moreover, although studies have acknowledged that different clades within a...
Atlas versus range maps: robustness of chorological relationships to distribution data types in European mammalsNARA Subscribed
Aim Chorological relationships describe the patterns of distributional overlap among species. In addition to revealing biogeographical structure, the resulting clusters of species with similar geographical distributions can serve as natural units in conservation planning. Here, we assess the extent to which temporal, methodological and taxonomical differences in the source of species’ distribution data can affect the relations...
Understanding global patterns in amphibian geographic range size: does Rapoport rule?NARA Subscribed
Aim Species geographic ranges are the ‘fundamental units’ of macroecology. Range size is a major correlate of extinction risk in many groups, and is also critical in studies of biotic responses to climate change. Despite this, there is a lack of studies exploring the role of environmental, historical and anthropogenic processes in determining large‐scale patterns in range size. We perform the first global analysis of putative...
Selectivity in Mammalian Extinction Risk and Threat Types: a New Measure of Phylogenetic Signal Strength in Binary TraitsNARA Subscribed
The strength of phylogenetic signal in extinction risk can give insight into the mechanisms behind species’ declines. Nevertheless, no existing measure of phylogenetic pattern in a binary trait, such as extinction‐risk status, measures signal strength in a way that can be compared among data sets. We developed a new measure for phylogenetic signal of binary traits , D, which simulations show gives robust results with data sets...
PanTHERIA: a species‐level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammalsNARA Subscribed
Analyses of life‐history, ecological, and geographic trait differences among species, their causes, correlates, and likely consequences are increasingly important for understanding and conserving biodiversity in the face of rapid global change. Assembling multispecies trait data from diverse literature sources into a single comprehensive data set requires detailed consideration of methods to reliably compile data for particula...
Geographical variation in predictors of mammalian extinction risk: big is bad, but only in the tropicsNARA Subscribed
Whereas previous studies have investigated correlates of extinction risk either at global or regional scales, our study explicitly models regional effects of anthropogenic threats and biological traits across the globe. Using phylogenetic comparative methods with a newly‐updated supertree of 5020 extant mammals, we investigate the impact of species traits on extinction risk within each WWF ecoregion. Our analyses reveal strong...
Macroecology and extinction risk correlates of frogsNARA Subscribed
Aim Our aim was to test whether extinction risk of frog species could be predicted from their body size, fecundity or geographical range size. Because small geographical range size is a correlate of extinction risk in many taxa, we also tested hypotheses about correlates of range size in frogs. Location Global. Methods Using a large comparative data set ( n = 527 species) compiled from the literature, we performed bivariate an...
At the ecosystem, species and population level, available measures suggest that average rates of loss of populations and habitats are now around 1% per year and seem likely to increase in the future. Habitat conversion continues in most parts of the world, especially in areas of high species richness, and novel threats, especially climate change, will pose new challenges. With this pressure, maintaining evolutionary processes...
How many branchiopod crustacean species are there? Quantifying the components of underestimationNARA Subscribed
Aims For the crustacean class Branchiopoda, we estimated global species richness, assessed the reliability of relative diversity estimates among higher taxa and made predictions about the kinds of species remaining to be described. Location Global. Methods We calculated correction factors to account for three different sources of diversity underestimation, analysed taxonomic patterns of species descriptions over time and teste...
Aim To examine which aspects of primates and carnivore biology can be used to predict attributes of species yet to be discovered. Location Global. Methods Multiple regressions of phylogenetically independent contrasts and non‐phylogenetic species date of description, on multiple biological predictor variables, formed from previous hypotheses tested in the literature. Results Orders differ, but both carnivore and primate specie...
Implications of the “Homogecene Debt”NARA Subscribed
A Metric for Analyzing Taxonomic Patterns of Extinction RiskNARA Subscribed
Spatial autocorrelation statistics can provide an efficient tool for exploring taxonomic patterns in extinction risk. Using Moran's I , we found that U.S. vertebrates exhibit little or no taxonomic clustering of extinction threat within orders, but much greater clustering within families and genera. Among amphibians, clustering was unusually high within families. Across classes, most groups had a similar degree of clustering a...
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