Prochlorococcus play a crucial role in the ocean's biogeochemical cycling, but it remains controversial how they will respond to global warming. Here we assessed the response to temperature (22–30°C) of the growth dynamics and gene expression profiles of a Red Sea Prochlorococcus strain (RSP50) in a non‐axenic culture. Both the specific growth rate (0.55–0.80 day −1 ) and cell size (0.04–0.07 μm 3 ) of Prochlorococcus increase...