Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are becoming increasingly prevalent in daily life due to their unique properties, which have expanded their application across multiple sectors. This widespread use has led to a marked rise in human exposure to AgNP, raising concerns about their safety and potential health impacts. Studies have demonstrated that AgNP can induce harmful effects, including oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory respons...

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the leading inflammatory and non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults, with late-onset MS emerging in middle-aged patients often resulting in poorer treatment responses and worse prognoses. The calcium-binding protein S100B is elevated in MS patients, and its targeting has shown promise in reducing disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. However, most stud...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most widely commercialized nanomaterials globally, with applications in medicine and the food industry. Consequently, the increased use of AgNP in the food industry has led to an unavoidable rise in human exposure to these nanoparticles. Their widespread use raises concerns about potential hazards to human health, specifically their intestinal pro-inflammatory effects. Thus, the main o...