This work aims to elucidate the potential of Spirulina platensis (SP) to hinder the accumulation of polyethylene nanoparticles (PE-NPS) in crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) and to reduce their detrimental impacts. Four groups (control (only food), PE-NP S (10 mg/L), PE-NPS (10 mg/L) + S. platensis, and only S. platensis in the last group) were studied. The group exposed to PE-NP S only showed: (1) an increase in oxidative stres...

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Oral systemic therapies, including methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, and apremilast, remain integral to psoriasis management, particularly for patients with moderate-to-severe disease who cannot afford biologic therapy. While these treatments are effective, their long-term use is often limited by adverse eff...