Lithium recovery from various primary sources, such as brine, ores, seawater, and clay, or secondary resources that include lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and lithium-ion metal oxide batteries (LIMOB) poses a challenge due to the complexity of the extraction processes. This review aims to examine recent advancements in lithium extraction and recovery from both primary and secondary sources. It provides an overview of the establis...

The electrokinetic (EK) is an in-situ method for soil remediation, aiming to reduce extensive excavation and mitigate risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. However, heavy metal precipitation near the cathode under alkaline pH remains challenging. This study employed recyclable waste materials of sawdust crosslinked by glutaraldehyde with iron slag as a reactive filter media (RFM) for single and mixed heavy me...