The cyclic nucleotide cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a powerful cell signaling molecule involved in biotic and abiotic stress perception and signal transduction. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , salt and osmotic stress rapidly induce increase in cGMP which plays role by modulating the activity of monovalent cation transporters, possibly by direct binding to these proteins and by altering the expression of ma...

Effective agroforestry diffusion under the newly started 10-Billion Trees Afforestation Project (10-BTAP) needs a thorough understanding of the policy and implementation shortfalls of the already completed BTAP. This study examines the factors that affected the diffusion of the agroforestry in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan (HKH) region of Pakistan under BTAP. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews with Village Developme...