Climate change is intensifying rainfall erosivity and the frequency of extreme events across semi-arid regions of the Global South, amplifying the vulnerability of hillslopes and watersheds that sustain food and water security for more than 60 million people. Soil loss rates that already reach 36 Gt yr $$^{-1}$$ globally compromise agricultural productivity and water quality, directly affecting the well-being of rural communit...

The replacement of native vegetation may alter soil organic matter (SOM) quality and nitrogen (N) dynamics, because N is one of the main constituents of SOM. This study evaluated N content and stocks in humic fractions across different soil layers (0.00–0.50 m) of a Plinthosol in Tocantins State, Brazil, under different land uses: native Cerrado forest (control), eucalyptus, agriculture, and pasture. Soil samples were collecte...