A 2-years assessment of nitrogen (N) stocks, tree N safety nets (from a 15 N labeling experiment), and biological N fixation was conducted in a Mediterranean agroforestry system in southern France. The study aimed to quantify N retention in agroforestry. The study area is characterized by a skeletic rhodic luvisol soil, a mean annual temperature of 15.5 °C, and an average annual precipitation of 556 mm. N and 15 N were quantif...

Aim To quantify the intra‐community variability of leaf‐out (ICVLo) among dominant trees in temperate deciduous forests, assess its links with specific and phylogenetic diversity, identify its environmental drivers and deduce its ecological consequences with regard to radiation received and exposure to late frost. Location Eastern North America (ENA) and Europe (EUR). Time Period 2009–2022. Major Taxa Studied Temperate deciduo...