Marine fossil records hold outstanding importance for ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical studies. Santa Maria Island in the Azores Archipelago (central Atlantic) features a remarkable marine fossil record spanning from the Pliocene to recent times. This record includes late Pleistocene outcrops with fossiliferous deposits dated from the last interglacial period (MIS 5e). In this study, we describe a newly discovered...

Ichnological research on trace fossils from the volcanic islands of Macaronesia (North Atlantic) is reviewed in light of significant advances over the past two decades. These studies contribute to the interpretation of paleoenvironments and enhance our understanding of the biota preserved in Miocene–Holocene shallow marine and non-marine deposits across the Azores, Cape Verde, Canary, Madeira, and Salvagens archipelagos. Trace...

Taxonomy is a dynamic and evolving scientific field in biological and paleontological research, which describes and systematises species and other taxa and thus lays the foundation to solve and structure biological questions. The study of past (fossil) and modern (present) seafloor traces holds huge potential for understanding the composition, behavioural ecology, and ecosystem impact of benthic communities, e.g., in terms of...

Bedding planes and vertical sections of many sedimentary rock formations reveal bioturbation structures, including burrows, produced by diverse animal taxa at different rates and durations. These variables are not directly measurable in the fossil record, but neoichnological observations and experiments provide informative analogues. Comparable to marine invertebrates from many phyla, a captive beetle larva burrowing over 2 we...

Biotic interactions (e.g., predation, competition, commensalism) where organisms directly or indirectly influenced one another are of great interest to those studying the history of life but have been difficult to ascertain from fossils. Considering the usual caveats about the temporal resolution of paleontological data, traces and trace fossils in the sedimentary record can record co-occurrences of organisms or their behaviou...

Sack-like body fossils Finkoella ukrainica gen. et sp. nov. and F. oblonga sp. nov., and reticulate fossil Pharyngomorpha reticulata gen. et sp. nov. are described from the upper Ediacaran shallow-marine deposits of Ukraine, which are no younger than 557 Ma. The first two resemble the flattened bodies of tunicates showing mainly the outline of tunica, while the third is considered as a fragment of the pharyngeal basket of a tu...

The presence of decapod crustaceans in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (MIS 5e) fossil record of Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago) is herein reviewed. Our study raises the number of fossil decapods from this island from one species to 10 taxa (three for the Pliocene and seven for the Last Interglacial). Four of these 10 taxa are reported for the first time in the fossil record, worldwide. A new species of a mud shrimp is al...