Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau pathology, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and metabolic impairment. Increasing evidence suggests that bile acids, traditionally recognized for their roles in lipid digestion and hepatic metabolism, act as endocrine signaling molecules that influence central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Through ent...

Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) is a globally important oilseed crop, but its production is constrained by charcoal rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen’s exceptionally broad host range, long-term soil persistence through microsclerotia, and increased aggressiveness under high temperature and drought make charcoal rot a major destructive constraint in sesame-growing regions. This review integ...

The brain undergoes profound molecular and structural changes during the aging process, resulting in the development of neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. At the cellular level, brain aging is characterized by oxidative damage, genomic instability, and chronic low-grade inflammation known as inflammaging. Central to this process is Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD + -dependent cla...

Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin has different pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, and vasculoprotective. Metformin has neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke. Conversely, metformin may exacerbate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This controversial point may be related to the impact...