Purpose Smokers with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) present reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁ < 80% predicted) but preserved FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 0.7. Although they do not meet diagnostic criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), they often report respiratory symptoms and exercise intolerance. We aimed to compare sensory and physiological responses to exerc...