Lobster ( Panulirus spp.) is an important fisheries commodity in Indonesia for local and international markets. According to Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) Decree Number 19/MMAF/2022, the utilization level of lobsters in the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA 573), including Prigi Waters, has been “over‐exploited” status with the utilization rate ( E = 2.0). Similarly, the Marine and Fisheries Agency of...

Introduction Identifying spawning and nursery areas for exploited fish stocks is crucial for sustainable fisheries management, as these areas support fish reproduction and early development necessary for maintaining healthy fish populations. The mackerel scad, Decapterus macarellus , is a valuable species in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in the livelihoods of coastal communities and the national fishing industry. Methods T...