A collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) would have strong consequences for the global climate system. Assessing whether the AMOC will collapse in the future is difficult since current Earth System Models (ESMs) have biases. An earlier study using an intermediate complexity Earth system model (EMIC) showed the potential effect of freshwater biases on AMOC stability. However, the used model has a lim...

The Earth System is warming due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions which increases the risk of passing a tipping point in the Earth System, such as a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). An AMOC weakening can have large climate impacts which influences the marine and terrestrial carbon cycle and hence atmospheric pCO $$_2$$ 2 . However, the sign and mechanism of this response are subject t...