The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) is a small (~ 7.6 kDa) protein-hormone primarily generated in the liver of mammals. It has a similar structure to insulin, and functions to support cell growth and development. As a result, IGF1 is in high demand in the biopharmaceutical, biomedical, and research fields. In eukaryotic photosynthetic systems, over-expression of this and other proteins has been met with limited success. Th...

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that can generate, in addition to biomass, useful chemicals and proteins/enzymes, essentially from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Selected aspects of cyanobacterial production (isoprenoids and high-value proteins) and scale-up methods suitable for product generation and downstream processing are addressed in this review. The work focuses on the challenge and pro...

Introduction Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are potentially modifiable factors implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which offer potential therapeutic targets to slow disease progression. Methods We investigated the relationship between baseline circulating levels of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß) and endothelial cell markers (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin) and 18-month cognitive decline (ADAS-cog12) in 266 mild...