Differentiation grade of colorectal cancers (CRC) is histologically defined by the proportion of the tumour which retains the glandular architecture of the normal colon. Poorly differentiated CRCs display loss of glandular architecture and canonical markers of colonic differentiation and are associated with increased metastatic capacity and poorer prognosis. It is currently unclear whether poorly differentiated cells within a...

Genetic information of living cells is encoded by the specific arrangement of nucleobases in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Even minor changes or modifications of these nucleobases, favored by many reactive sites, can significantly affect correct replication and DNA integrity leading to severe toxic effects. Analyzing these DNA modifications is highly complex and often requires non-specific assays for DNA damage or 32 P -postlab...

Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species. The compound is mainly metabolized in the liver and its metabolism varies between species. The present study quantified relevant AFB 1 - metabolites formed by mouse, rat, and human primary hepatocytes after treatment with 1 µM and 10 µM AFB 1 . The use of liquid chromatographic separation coupled with tandem mass spectrom...

The shells of walnuts (WS) are major refuse in the global fruits and nuts trade. This, otherwise discarded, lignin-rich material can be carbonized to biochar—a value-added product with environmental applications such as carbon sequestration, soil amelioration, and pollutant adsorption. These applications are dictated by structural and chemical characteristics of the biochar carbon. Conventional controlled pyrolysis (CPy) of bi...

Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites which exhibit toxic effects in low concentrations. Several mycotoxins are described as carcinogenic or immunosuppressive, but their underlying modes of action especially on molecular level have not yet been entirely elucidated. Metabolic profiling as part of the omics methods is a powerful tool to study the toxicity and the mode of action of xenobiotics. The use of hydrophilic intera...

A Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-derived single-forcing, single-model, and single-scenario dynamic wind-wave climate ensemble is presented, and its historic period (1979–2005) performance in representing the present wave climate is evaluated. A single global climate model (GCM)-forcing wave climate ensemble was produced with the goal of reducing the inter GCM variability inherent in using a multi-forcing...

Summary The F e and N biogeochemical cycles play key roles in freshwater environments. We aimed to determine the spatial positioning and interconnections of the N and F e cycles in profundal lake sediments. The gradients of O 2 , NO 3 − , NH 4 + , pH , E h , F e( II ) and F e( III ) were determined and the distribution of microorganisms was assessed by most probable numbers and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The redox...

Summary Environmental microbiology research increasingly focuses on the single microbial cell as the defining entity that drives environmental processes. The interactions of individual microbial cells with each other, the environment and with higher organisms shape microbial communities and control the functioning of whole ecosystems. A single‐cell view of microorganisms in their natural environment requires analytical tools t...