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A Model for Clinician and Staff Education in the Engagement of American Indians in Genomic ResearchNARA Subscribed
Despite notable differences in cancer incidence and outcomes, fewer American Indians have participated in cancer research and genomic testing relative to their population size. Contributing factors include historical scientific mistrust, lack of culturally appropriate research methodologies, and limited access. With the launch of a cancer genomic sequencing trial in American Indians from the Southwestern United States (US), cl...
Climate and sino-nasal symptomsNARA Subscribed
Patients with sino-nasal issues often believe their symptoms are exacerbated by certain weather conditions, but these relationships are largely anecdotal. Using an extensive archive of patient surveys at the University of Virginia Rhinology Clinic from January 2010–March 2020, we examined whether sino-nasal symptoms were impacted by the weather on, or shortly before, the day of clinic visit. Clinic patients completed the Sino-...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alternative Future Vegetation Pathways Reveal Potential Transformations of Western US EcosystemsNARA Subscribed
Managing ecosystems in an era of rapid change is inherently challenging not only because of uncertainty in future climate but also due to diverse responses of ecosystems to climate. Projections of ecological transformation alongside information about plausible vegetation trajectories can help land managers explore divergent scenarios and consider how modeled outcomes match their observations. Climate‐analog impact models (AIMs...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The interdisciplinary study of volcanic processes, which extend across all timescales and lengths, requires a multitude of approaches, ranging from analogue and numerical modelling to observations and fieldwork and extending to mathematics. A conference was held at the East African Institute for Fundamental Research, affiliated with the University of Rwanda, a country which, along with the Democratic Republic of Congo, present...
Water injection is a promising alternative to traditional air lubrication for reducing ship hull drag and improving energy efficiency. Addressing the limited research on the efficacy of water lubrication on ships, this novel study is the first to numerically evaluate its performance on a flat-plate model, systematically investigating key operational and geometrical parameters. The rectangular flat plate model of finite thickne...
This review paper investigates the use of air lubrication to reduce ship hull skin frictional drag, a technology whose fundamental drag-reduction mechanisms and impact on seakeeping are increasingly being studied through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Simulating this process is challenging, as the air phase often manifests as dispersed bubbles rather than a continuous film, necessitating high-fidelity models. Traditional...
Despite ongoing conservation efforts, populations of the Salt Creek tiger beetle ( Ellipsoptera nevadica lincolniana ) remain critically low. Using a 30-year dataset of adult counts and historical climatic and creek water flow records, we investigated which, if any, Salt Creek tiger beetle life stages are sensitive to means and extremes in temperature, precipitation, and creek flow. Our analyses revealed that eggs are particul...