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Estimating the reduction in US mortality if cigarettes were largely replaced by e-cigarettesNARA Subscribed
Background Recent estimates indicated substantially replacing cigarettes by e-cigarettes would, during 2016–2100, reduce US deaths and life-years lost (millions) by 6.6 and 86.7 (Optimistic Scenario) and 1.6 and 20.8 (Pessimistic). To provide additional insight we use alternative modelling based on a shorter period (1991–2040), four main smoking-associated diseases, deaths aged 30–79 years, and a full product history. We consi...
Trends in tuna carbon isotopes suggest global changes in pelagic phytoplankton communitiesNARA Subscribed
Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO 2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open‐ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data are thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use the carbon stable isotope composition of tuna to provide a first insight into the existence of global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics and changes in th...
TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open accessNARA Subscribed
Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodivers...
Seascape-scale trophic links for fish on inshore coral reefsNARA Subscribed
Subsurface microbiology and biogeochemistry of a deep, cold‐water carbonate mound from the Porcupine Seabight (IODP Expedition 307)NARA Subscribed
Summary The Porcupine Seabight Challenger Mound is the first carbonate mound to be drilled (∼270 m) and analyzed in detail microbiologically and biogeochemically. Two mound sites and a non‐mound Reference site were analyzed with a range of molecular techniques [catalyzed reporter deposition‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD‐FISH), quantitative PCR (16S rRNA and functional genes, dsrA and mcrA ), and 16S rRNA gene PCR‐DG...
Biogeochemistry and biodiversity of methane cycling in subsurface marine sediments (Skagerrak, Denmark)NARA Subscribed
Summary This biogeochemical, molecular genetic and lipid biomarker study of sediments (∼4 m cores) from the Skagerrak (Denmark) investigated methane cycling in a sediment with a clear sulfate‐methane‐transition zone (SMTZ) and where CH 4 supply was by diffusion, rather than by advection, as in more commonly studied seep sites. Sulfate reduction removed sulfate by 0.7 m and CH 4 accumulated below. 14 C‐radiotracer measurements...
Summary Marine sediment slurries enriched for anaerobic, sulfate‐reducing prokaryotic communities utilizing glucose and acetate were used to provide the first comparison between stable‐isotope probing (SIP) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and DNA (16S rRNA and dsrA genes) biomarkers. Different 13 C‐labelled substrates (glucose, acetate and pyruvate) at low concentrations (100 µM) were used over a 7‐day incubation to follow...
Investigation of the methanogen population structure and activity in a brackish lake sedimentNARA Subscribed
Summary The methanogen community in sediment from the edge of a small brackish lake connected to the Beaulieu Estuary (Hampshire, UK) was investigated by analysis of 16S rRNA gene diversity using new methanogen‐specific primers plus Archaea ‐specific primers. 16S rRNA gene primers previously used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of methanogenic Archaea from a variety of environments were evaluated by in silico tes...
Diversity of prokaryotes and methanogenesis in deep subsurface sediments from the Nankai Trough, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 190NARA Subscribed
Summary Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea was studied in deep marine sediments by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and methyl co‐enzyme M reductase ( mcrA ) genes. Samples analysed were from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 190 deep subsurface sediments at three sites spanning the Nankai Trough in the Pacific Ocean off Shikoku Island, Japan. DNA was amplified, from three depths at site 1173 (4.15, 98.29 and...