Understanding how mangroves respond to natural and anthropogenic pressures at global distributional range limits informs protection and restoration strategies. Mangroves along the South African coastline are at one of the most southerly global distribution limits. These endangered ecosystems have been studied for more than 25 years to determine their vulnerability and responses to global climate change. This study assessed the...

This study evaluates the feasibility of using medium-resolution satellite sensors to monitor changes in the extent of ecosystem functional groups (EFGs) in South African estuaries, for reporting on the 2030 targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Landsat and Sentinel-1 and -2 image collections in Google Earth Engine (GEE) were used to generate output layers for each of the national land cover years—1990, 2014, 2018...