Kelp forests are among the most extensive and productive coastal ecosystems, yet they remain underrepresented in global conservation policy despite widespread declines driven by interacting global- (i.e., ocean warming, marine heatwaves) to local-scale stressors. At the same time, kelp conservation and restoration efforts are expanding rapidly across regions, but measures of success and syntheses tend to primarily focus on eco...

To meet the global climate change challenge and the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) greenhouse gas emission reduction strategy, and promote the shipping industry’s transition to clean energy, this study focuses on the 6S35 2-stroke marine low-speed engine to explore hydrogen fuel combustion and emissions in the cylinder. A detailed chemical reaction kinetics model is constructed on the CONVERGE platform, coupling 4...

The safe and efficient transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is critically dependent on understanding fluid dynamics within cargo tanks, which directly influence structural integrity and operational safety. Study employs the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to simulate fluid sloshing and phase change dynamics in Type B LNG cargo tanks during emergency stop conditions. The transient simulations employ a time step of 5 × 10−3 s,...