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Contrasting effects of protected areas on understory plant diversity in broadleaved deciduous forestsNARA Subscribed
Protected areas are essential for preserving forest ecosystems and maintaining their ecological integrity. Nonetheless, their role in conserving understory plant species in Italy remains understudied. We analysed 5,423 vegetation plots sampled in Italian broadleaved deciduous forests between 1980 and 2020. Using propensity score matching, we controlled for potential confounding factors such as elevation, climate, proximity to...
Butternut ( Juglans cinerea L.) is a rapidly declining tree species threatened by Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j), the causal agent of butternut canker. The introduction of Japanese walnut ( Juglans ailantifolia Carrière), which hybridizes with butternut and exhibits greater resistance to the disease, presents both a conservation challenge and a potential avenue for genetic improvement. Identifying non-admixe...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius live in seasonal water bodies in Eastern Africa. Adults die at the end of the rainy season when seasonal pools desiccate but diapaused embryos persist in the sediments and hatch in subsequent rainy seasons. Embryos use environmental cues to determine optimal hatching conditions to begin a new generation. We simulated a predation event by crushing Nothobranchius embryos and tested...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Corals in the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) are resilient to various stressors, whose levels exceed those of coral reefs globally. These corals thereby offer insight into mechanisms underlying thermal resilience, e.g., regarding the role of endosymbiotic microalgae in the family Symbiodiniaceae. Previous studies have identified the thermotolerant species Cladocopium thermophilum as broadly associated with corals in the southern P...
Aim Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread in the animal kingdom. The direction and magnitude of SSD differ considerably across taxa, potentially due to different selective forces acting on female and male sizes. We assembled a comprehensive database of mean body sizes for female and male squamate species. We then tested for associations between the degree and direction of sexual size dimorphism and environmental factors,...
Germline (likely-)pathogenic variants (PV) in CDH1 predispose carriers to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer. Previous studies from the United States suggest CDH1 variant carriers have an increased risk for adenomas or sessile serrated lesions (SSL), yet data linking CDH1 PVs and colorectal neoplasia are scarce. We aimed to investigate colonoscopy findings in CDH1 PVs. Adults carrying a PV/LPV in CDH1...