The prevailing paradigm in subterranean ecology is that below‐ground food webs are simple, limited to one or two trophic levels, and composed of generalist species because of spatio‐temporally patchy food resources and pervasive energy limitation. This paradigm is based on relatively few studies of easily accessible, air‐filled caves. However, in some subterranean ecosystems, chemolithoautotrophy can subsidize or replace surfa...