Past failures of monocultures, caused by wind-throw or insect damages, and ongoing climate change currently strongly stimulate research into mixed-species stands. So far, the focus has mainly been on combinations of species with obvious complementary functional traits. However, for any generalization, a broad overview of the mixing reactions of functionally different tree species in different mixing proportions, patterns and u...

The current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is wreaking havoc throughout the world and has rapidly become a global health emergency. A central question concerning COVID‐19 is why some individuals become sick and others not. Many have pointed already at variation in risk factors between individuals. However, the variable outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may, at least in part, be due also to differences between the viral subspecies with whi...

There have been recent efforts amongst immunologists to develop approaches for following individual fish during challenges with viral and bacterial pathogens. This study contributes to assessing the feasibility of using such approaches to study amoebic gill disease ( AGD ). Neoparamoeba perurans , agent of AGD , has been responsible for widespread economic and fish loss in salmonid aquaculture. With the emergence of AGD in Eur...

Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a very serious viral disease in terms of its impact on production of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fry and post‐smolts. Post‐smolts of Atlantic salmon were injected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and cohabited with naive fish to produce natural infection. Cohabitant fish were sampled every 2 days, up to day 36 post‐infection (p.i.). From 90 cohabitant fish, 11 (12.2%...

Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel technique for nucleic acid amplification with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity and does not require expensive equipment or reagents. In the present study, we developed and evaluated a LAMP method for the rapid detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum causing the bacterial kidney disease in salmonids. This method was more sensitive than quantitative real‐time pol...