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Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group‐level processes such as subgroup formation and fission–fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing coh...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Short-term heat acclimation preserves knee extensor torque but does not improve 20 km self-paced cycling performance in the heatNARA Subscribed
Purpose This study investigated the effect of 5 days of heat acclimation training on neuromuscular function, intestinal damage, and 20 km cycling (20TT) performance in the heat. Methods Eight recreationally trained males completed two 5-day training blocks (cycling 60 min day −1 at 50% peak power output) in a counter-balanced, cross-over design, with a 20TT completed before and after each block. Training was conducted in hot (...
Brown Passage is a deep (up to 200 m) ocean channel connecting the western offshore waters of Hecate Strait and Dixon Entrance on the Pacific continental shelf with the eastern inland waters of Chatham Sound in Northern British Columbia, Canada. A high-resolution 3D finite difference hydrodynamic model, COastal CIRculation and SEDiment transport Model (COCIRM-SED), was developed in 2010 and 2013 to determine the tidal and wind...
Sex differences in pectoral muscles but not in pectoral fins in the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatusNARA Subscribed
The pectoral muscle index ( I PM )( I PM = 100 M PM M −1 , where M PM and M are the pectoral muscle and body masses, respectively) fin‐area and fin ray length were studied over a year in male and female three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from a marine population (Öresund, Sweden) kept under simulated natural light and temperature conditions. A castration‐replacement experiment was used to test androgen effects on...
Changes in reproductive physiology and behaviour over the nesting cycle in male three‐spined sticklebacksNARA Subscribed
Plasma 11‐Ketotestosterone (11 KT) and testosterone (T) levels and spiggin‐mRNA levels, as well as the kidney‐somatic index ( I K ) were measured in sexual males and in paternal males at the middle (5 days paternal) and at the end (8 days paternal with hatched eggs) of the nesting cycle in three‐spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus from two populations. Glueing (using threads of 11 KT induced kidney‐protein spiggin) and...
Influence of salinity and ovarian fluid on sperm motility in the fifteen‐spined sticklebackNARA Subscribed
Sperm motility of the fifteen‐spined stickleback Spinachia spinachia was investigated in different salinities, with or without the addition of ovarian fluid (25%). Sperm velocity, longevity, linearity and percentage of motile sperm were analysed with the aid of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The sperm were found to have the longest duration of motility in sea water (60–90 min in salinities 20 and 30), shorter in brac...
Although the sperm of externally fertilizing fishes usually has a brief life span of up to a few minutes, this study showed that the sperm of the three‐spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus moved for several hours in brackish water and up to at least 10 h in the presence of ovarian fluid. Three‐spined sticklebacks were able to spawn in waters ranging from full‐strength sea water to fresh water, an ability unusual among fis...
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