Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is highly effective, but response to therapy varies by geography and population subgroups. We assessed differences in TB treatment response in a representative and heterogeneous Brazilian population. We estimated genetic ancestry according to major genetic ancestry groups (African, European, and Amerindian) in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort usi...

This study evaluated the effects of providing 3–15 kg of a soluble and biodegradable biopolymer-based enrichment material (blend of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers) to prepartum sows housed in farrowing crates. Fifteen sows were blocked by body weight and backfat thickness and assigned to three treatments: no enrichment material (CONT), 3 kg of enrichment material (BN3), or 15 kg of enrichment material with added nut...

Aim Remote island systems with small landmasses and reliable estimates of human occupancy can be ideal models to disentangle the roles of global climatic changes and local human occupation on biota. Here, we explored this with demographic reconstructions of native, ground‐nesting bees with non‐specialised floral visitation habits to infer changes in effective population size ( N e ). Location Viti Levu, Fiji, South West Pacifi...

Aim We evaluated how native vegetation cover influences the diversity of arachnid assemblages across multiple spatial scales in major Brazilian ecosystems. Location Brazil (Amazon and Atlantic rainforests, Cerrado savanna and Caatinga dry forest). Taxon Arachnida (Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones and Scorpiones). Methods We sampled arachnids at 120 sites using active search and litter sifting. Native vegetation cover was quantified...

Coastal environments are increasingly recognised as reservoirs of known antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but are less frequently identified as sources of novel ARGs. Here, we investigated class A β‐lactamases circulating in European coastal environments used for oyster farming. We examined their diversity, function, and the ecological factors associated with their geographic distribution and environmental dynamics. A high d...

In its early years, the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration has mobilized unprecedented global commitments. Yet, measuring restoration success remains contested, particularly in megadiverse countries where the absence of standardized indicators and assessment protocols often leads to subjective decisions by environmental agencies. Here, we present a core set of leading indicators developed through a pioneering Brazil-led scienc...

Aim We investigate the distribution of dispersal modes — endozoochory (via animal ingestion), synzoochory (via animal seed accumulation) and anemochory (via wind)—and seed mass of woody plants across Brazilian ecosystems, testing whether their relative abundance in local plant communities could be predicted by climate, edaphic factors and dispersal agents (e.g., the main vectors moving seeds). We expected climate to be the mai...

Kelp forests are among the most extensive and productive coastal ecosystems, yet they remain underrepresented in global conservation policy despite widespread declines driven by interacting global- (i.e., ocean warming, marine heatwaves) to local-scale stressors. At the same time, kelp conservation and restoration efforts are expanding rapidly across regions, but measures of success and syntheses tend to primarily focus on eco...

Brain cancers hijack biological systems involved in neural development and synaptic plasticity. Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor in children, is thought to arise from disruptions in neurodevelopmental programs. Glutamatergic transmission mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) has been implicated in synaptic communication between adult brain tumors a...

Quaternary tufa carbonates from Brazil’s Potiguar Basin provide unique insights into the interplay of biogenic, hydrological, and climatic factors driving continental carbonate precipitation in tropical low-energy environments. This study systematically characterizes the depositional, taphonomic, and diagenetic features of the tufa deposits resulting from the dissolution of rocks from the Formação Jandaíra that overlie the lit...

Understanding fish species distributions remains a key challenge in ecology, particularly in complex environments such as small Amazonian streams. These data are essential for developing and supporting effective management and conservation strategies, especially in highly diverse regions like the Amazon Basin, where substantial gaps in biodiversity knowledge persist. We assessed the structure and composition of fish assemblage...

Lewy body disease (LBD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the most common causes of cognitive decline and dementia and are associated with characteristic alterations in resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) activity. This multicenter exploratory study investigated periodic and aperiodic rsEEG features in patients with cognitive decline due to Lewy body disease (LBCD) and Alzheimer’s disease (ADCD), compared with cogniti...