Introduction Seizures are the most common neurological emergency in children. Heterogeneous causes, subtypes, and varying treatment responses make seizures a complex and often unpredictable challenge for clinicians. The management of acute seizures in children, particularly in the outpatient setting, received relatively limited attention in international treatment guidelines. Prompt and proper management in the acute setting,...

Due to various human activities, including intensive agriculture, traffic, and the burning of fossil fuels, in many parts of the world, current levels of reactive nitrogen emissions strongly exceed pre‐industrial levels. Previous studies have shown that the atmospheric deposition of these excess nitrogen compounds onto semi‐natural terrestrial environments has negative consequences for plant diversity. However, these previous...

Nutrient pollution presents a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. In terrestrial ecosystems, the deleterious effects of nitrogen pollution are increasingly understood and several mitigating environmental policies have been developed. Compared to nitrogen, the effects of increased phosphorus have received far less attention, although some studies have indicated that phosphorus pollution may be detrimental for biodivers...

Over the last two and half decades, strong evidence showed that the terrestrial ecosystems are acting as a net sink for atmospheric carbon. However the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the sink are not well known. In this study, we examined latitudinal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO 2 based on 163 site‐years of eddy covariance data, from 39 northern‐hemisphere resea...

How forests will respond to rising [CO 2 ] in the long term is uncertain, most studies having involved juvenile trees in chambers prior to canopy closure. Poplar free‐air CO 2 enrichment (Viterbo, Italy) is one of the first experiments to grow a forest from planting through canopy closure to coppice, entirely under open‐air conditions using free‐air CO 2 enrichment technology. Three Populus species: P . alba , P . nigra and P...

To compare the benefits for carbon (C) sequestration of afforestation with a multifunctional oak–beech forest vs. a poplar short‐rotation coppice (SRC), model simulations were run through a serial linkage of a mechanistic model and an accounting model. The process model SECRETS (Stand to Ecosystem CaRbon and EvapoTranspiration Simulator) was used to predict growth, C allocation and soil C. The output from SECRETS was used as a...

Modelling is used to predict long‐term forest responses to increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Although productivity models are based on light intercepted by the canopy, very little experimental data are available for closed forest stands. Nevertheless, the relationships between light inside a canopy, leaf area, canopy structure, and individual leaf characteristics may be affected by elevated CO 2 , affecting in turn ca...

Summary This paper presents CO 2 flux data from 18 forest ecosystems, studied in the European Union funded EUROFLUX project. Overall, mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP, the total amount of carbon (C) fixed during photosynthesis) of these forests was 1380 ± 330 gC m −2 y −1 (mean ±SD). On average, 80% of GPP was respired by autotrophs and heterotrophs and released back into the atmosphere (total ecosystem respiration,...