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Nitrogen fertilizer use in agroecosystems: current practices, policies and recommendations for efficiency improvementNARA Subscribed
Purpose Ensuring global food security for a growing population has intensified the reliance on nitrogen (N) fertilizers to maintain high crop yields. However, dependency on N fertilizers has led to increased over-fertilization, declined N use efficiency (NUE), and exacerbated environmental and agronomic challenges. Methods This review synthesised current fertilization practices, N-related policies, and empirical evidence regar...
Aim We investigate the distribution of dispersal modes — endozoochory (via animal ingestion), synzoochory (via animal seed accumulation) and anemochory (via wind)—and seed mass of woody plants across Brazilian ecosystems, testing whether their relative abundance in local plant communities could be predicted by climate, edaphic factors and dispersal agents (e.g., the main vectors moving seeds). We expected climate to be the mai...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)™ trial was a randomized, 2-year controlled trial of caloric restriction (CR) versus an ad libitum (AL) control condition in nonobese humans. We performed exploratory analyses of muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, one element of mitochondrial quality. Our aims were to assess the feasibility of this approach, explore associations to...
The Indian Summer Monsoon typically begins over Northeast India (NEI) about 2 weeks earlier than monsoon onset over Kerala, extending the rainy season in NEI to around 150 days. This early onset is strongly linked to planetary‐scale processes, particularly interactions with extratropical Rossby waves. These waves facilitate the downward and southward intrusion of potential vorticity, which triggers low‐level cyclonic vorticity...
Bakanae disease of rice has emerged as a major threat in the rice‐growingregions of Eastern and Northeastern India. Under field conditions, Fusarium species associated with bakanae disease of rice exhibit a significant degree of variability. Characterizing the pathogen and its isolates is crucial for understanding this variability. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and virulence patterns among 88 Fusarium isolat...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...