The vertical total electron content (VTEC) is one of the key quantities to describe variations of the ionosphere and can be provided to users to correct the ionospheric disturbances for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning. The VTEC values and the corresponding standard deviations are routinely provided in the so-called Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM), with a typical time resolution of 2 h (and up to 15 min) on r...

Increasing age has a major detrimental impact on female fertility, which, with an ageing population, has major sociological implications. This impact is primarily mediated through deteriorating quality of the oocyte. Deteriorating oocyte quality with biological age is the greatest rate-limiting factor to female fertility. Here we have used label-free, non-invasive multi-spectral imaging to identify unique autofluorescence prof...

Summary Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans ( Xp ) is an economically important disease in tomato. Previous studies have shown that the recently isolated Xp strains have acquired and retained the effector gene, xopJ2 , which has been reported to increase fitness of the pathogen in the field. To elucidate the fitness benefit of xopJ2 , we quantified the effect of xopJ2 on the dispersal and evolution of Xp populations...