This study comprehensively evaluated the physiological, metabolic, and microbial responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to graded levels of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) used as the primary dietary protein source. The shrimp were randomly assigned to five iso-lipidic experimental diets containing 32%–48% crude protein. The fish meal content was fixed at 15% for each diet, and the protein level of the diet was adjusted b...

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of guar gum (GG) with different viscosity on growth rate and gut health of pearl gentian grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). Juvenile groupers (6.66 ± 0.08 g) were reared for 10 weeks and fed four different diets: three containing 8% GG with low, medium, and high viscosity (designated as GGL, GGM, and GGH, respectively), and a control diet, in which 8% GG was replac...