Background and objective Histamine is the principal effector of anaphylaxis, and circulating levels correlate well with symptom severity in Hymenoptera venom–induced anaphylaxis. Adrenaline, the recommended first-line therapy, does not neutralize histamine and may cause relevant adverse effects. Recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO), engineered with a mutated heparin-binding motif, exhibits improved pharmacokinetics and ra...

The timely detection of disasters is essential for effective emergency response. Traditional satellite-based monitoring provides accurate hazard observations but suffers from acquisition delays and weather-dependent imaging conditions. Therefore, recent research increasingly uses rapidly available digital data such as social media, news, and weather observations. However, most approaches analyse these sources in isolation and...

While the capabilities of large language models and visual language models for various classification tasks have advanced significantly, their potential for location inference remains largely underexplored. Therefore, this study evaluates the performance of four prominent models — BLIP-2, LLaVA1.6, OpenFlamingo, and GPT-4o — for geocoding flood-related images from Flickr. Model inferences are compared against the original phot...

Efficiently managing complex disasters relies on having a comprehensive understanding of the situation at hand. Immediately after a disaster strikes, it is crucial to quickly identify the most impacted areas to guide rapid response efforts and prioritise resource allocation effectively. Utilising early-stage estimations of impacted regions, derived from indicators such as building distribution, hazard zones or geo-social media...

Objective To test whether recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) with a mutated heparin-binding motif (mHBM), which shows an increased alpha-distribution half-life, prevents histamine-induced hemodynamic effects. Material Thirty-eight female guinea pigs were either pretreated with rhDOA_mHBM or buffer. Treatment and methods Guinea pigs received a continuous infusion of histamine. Heart rate (HR), body core temperature and m...

Objective To evaluate the contribution of endogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) in the inactivation of exogenous histamine, to find a mouse strain with increased histamine sensitivity and to test the efficacy of rhDAO in a histamine challenge model. Methods Diamine oxidase knockout (KO) mice were challenged with orally and subcutaneously administered histamine in combination with the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, with the two h...

Up-to-date information about an emergency is crucial for effective disaster management. However, severe restrictions impede the creation of spatiotemporal information by current remote sensing-based monitoring systems, especially at the beginning of a disaster. Multiple publications have shown promising results in complementing monitoring systems through spatiotemporal information extracted from social media data. However, var...

Objective To measure diamine oxidase (DAO) activity with high sensitivity in complex matrices like plasma or tissue extracts radioactive putrescine or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) coupling must be used. The use of radioactive material should be avoided and HRP/H 2 O 2 coupling is compromised by antioxidants. Methods and results Condensation of ortho-aminobenzaldehyde (oABA) with delta-1-pyrroline a...