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Bottom‐tow gear fisheries (trawls and dredges) produce ~24 million mt of harvest annually, representing a globally important animal‐sourced food system. While many are currently sustainably managed, growing concern over the potential for ecosystem impacts from bottom‐tow gears has increased pressure to improve these fisheries. We assembled an international working group of > 30 contributors, including fishing industry particip...
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) occurs in all sugarcane producing regions of the world and can reduce yield up to 50%. In Louisiana, USA, infections are asymptomatic, making reliable detection paramount to avoid unintentional disease spread. While reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are available, they may lack sensitivity. This study aimed to develop a reliable and sensitive assay appropriate f...
Steelhead/rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) is an imperilled salmonid with two main life history strategies: migrate to the ocean or remain in freshwater. Domesticated hatchery forms of this species have been stocked into almost all California waterways, possibly resulting in introgression into natural populations and altered population structure. We compared whole‐genome sequence data from contemporary populations against...
Genome‐wide population affinities and signatures of adaptation in hydruntines, sussemiones and Asian wild assesNARA Subscribed
The extremely rich palaeontological record of the horse family, also known as equids, has provided many examples of macroevolutionary change over the last ~55 Mya. This family is also one of the most documented at the palaeogenomic level, with hundreds of ancient genomes sequenced. While these data have advanced understanding of the domestication history of horses and donkeys, the palaeogenomic record of other equids remains l...
Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and FluxesNARA Subscribed
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have bee...
OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community supportNARA Subscribed
A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe t...
Forest gardens (FGs) are tree-dominant land uses in Sri Lankan farming enterprises. Although FG financial performance has been described, their overall contributions to farming enterprises remain unclear. This information is critical given the global quest for financially viable, sustainable agricultural models. Farming enterprises include On-farm (land uses: FGs, paddy, cash crops, plantations, swidden/ chena plots, livestock...
Nutrient function over form: Organic and inorganic nitrogen additions have similar effects on lake phytoplankton nutrient limitationNARA Subscribed
The concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is increasing in many northern hemisphere lakes, yet its use by phytoplankton and fate in the environment seldom have been quantified. We conducted 1 week, in situ, microcosm incubations across 25 lakes in northeastern North America to understand how DON, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (P) affected phytoplankton biomass. In addition,...
Monitoring extinction risk and threats of the world’s fishes based on the Sampled Red List IndexNARA Subscribed
Global biodiversitytargets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world’s fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 s...
Seagrass meadows commonly reside in shallow sheltered coastal environments which are typically safe havens for mooring boats. There is evidence from around the globe that the use of common swinging chain moorings leads to halos of bare sediment in otherwise productive seagrass. These halos reduce animal abundance and diversity and lead to a loss of the carbon stored within sediments. To protect and enhance seagrass ecosystem s...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Epigenetic clocks based on patterns of DNA methylation have great importance in understanding aging and disease; however, there are basic questions to be resolved in their application. It remains unknown whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) within an individual shows strong correlation between different primary tissue sites, the extent to which tissue pathology and clinical illness correlate with EAA in the target organ,...
Pharmacological inhibition of MERTK induces in vivo retinal degeneration: a multimodal imaging ocular safety assessmentNARA Subscribed
The receptor tyrosine kinase, MERTK, plays an essential role in homeostasis of the retina via efferocytosis of shed outer nuclear segments of photoreceptors. The Royal College of Surgeons rat model of retinal degeneration has been linked to loss-of-function of MERTK, and together with the MERTK knock-out mouse, phenocopy retinitis pigmentosa in humans with MERTK mutations. Given recent efforts and interest in MERTK as a potent...
Impacts of deep‐sea mining on microbial ecosystem servicesNARA Subscribed
Interest in extracting mineral resources from the seafloor through deep‐sea mining has accelerated in the past decade, driven by consumer demand for various metals like zinc, cobalt, and rare earth elements. While there are ongoing studies evaluating potential environmental impacts of deep‐sea mining activities, these focus primarily on impacts to animal biodiversity. The microscopic spectrum of seafloor life and the services...
Nitrogen Availability Decreases the Severity of Snow Storm Damage in a Temperate ForestNARA Subscribed
Storms are among the greatest natural disturbances in temperate forests, and increased nitrogen (N) availability is thought to increase storm damage. However, the extent to which N availability increases damage from snowfall is less clear. To test how N availability might affect the susceptibility of trees to snow damage in a temperate forest, we took advantage of an opportunistic storm and surveyed damage in fertilized and un...
The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health, and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean...