Forest management plans (FMP) are key decision-support tools for forest managers and a central policy instrument in many countries. Despite its pivotal importance in forest management, there is a lack of studies that analyze the acquisition, familiarity and implementation of the FMP. These steps collectively contribute to making FMP a successful decision-support tool and forest policy instrument. We surveyed a sample represent...

Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) have evolved elaborate nasal turbinate structures that are perfused via a complex vascular network. These are subject to thermoregulatory control, shifting between heat conservation and dissipation, according to the animal’s needs. The three-dimensional design of the turbinate structures is essential in the sense that they determine the efficiency with which heat and water are transferred between...

This article presents an econometric analysis of the Norwegian nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners' short-term roundwood supply applying the conventional pooled Tobit model as well as the fixed effects (FE) Tobit model where unobserved individual heterogeneity are incorporated in the assumptions of the model. A panel consisting of 14,468 forest owners during the period 1989–1997 (except 1991) is used for the statistical...