Several droughts and floods in Amazonia and Northeast Brazil have occurred in recent years and projections from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate an increase of these extreme events. El Niño Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) is one of the phenomena associated with extreme rainfall events in the Amazon. However, recent studies have indicated that the basic response of ENSO is dependent on the Madden–Julian Oscillat...

Southeast Brazil ( SE Brazil) is the most densely populated region in Brazil. Previous studies have shown evidence of positive trends in average precipitation and extreme events in a few locations, suggesting the increase in rainfall‐related hazards with potential impacts to urbanized areas of SE Brazil. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial variability of trends in extreme precipitation over SE Brazil fo...

The South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is characterised by intense convective activity and precipitation during austral summer. This study investigates changes in the onset, demise and duration of SAMS during 1948–2008. The results show a significant change in these characteristics in the early 1970s. Onset becomes steadily earlier from 1948 to early 1970s and has occurred earlier than 23–27 October after 1972–1973. Demise d...