The subterranean aquatic snails may serve as a model of endemism and isolation vs. migration in subterranean habitats. The aim of the present paper is to verify the hypothesis that subterranean aquatic snails can migrate through diverse subterranean habitats, applying four molecular markers as well as a RAPD technique and shell morphometry. They were used to estimate the differences and gene flow between populations of the hyd...

DNA-based methods form the cornerstone of contemporary evolutionary biology and they are highly valued tools in conservation biology. The development of non-invasive sampling methods can be crucial for both gathering sample sizes needed for robust ecological inference and to avoid a negative impact on small and/or endangered populations. Such sampling is particularly challenging in working with aquatic organisms, if the goal i...