Trade‐offs are an inherent feature of organismal biology and fundamental to the evolution of natural populations. Here, we use experimental evolution in large, genetically diverse populations of Drosophila melanogaster to directly measure the manifestation of trade‐offs in response to fluctuating selection on ecological timescales. We first conducted a lab‐based selection experiment to quantify a genome‐wide signal of fluctuat...

Rationale Rodent vendors are often utilized interchangeably, assuming that the phenotype of a given strain remains standardized between colonies. Several studies, however, have found significant behavioral and physiological differences between Sprague Dawley (SD) rats from separate vendors. Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), a form of sensorimotor gating in which a low-intensity leading stimulus reduces the startle response...

Summary Cell‐surface signalling ( CSS ) enables G ram‐negative bacteria to transduce an environmental signal into a cytosolic response. This regulatory cascade involves an outer membrane receptor that transmits the signal to an anti‐sigma factor in the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing the activation of an extracytoplasmic function ( ECF ) sigma factor. Recent studies have demonstrated that R se P ‐mediated proteolysis of the ant...

Summary Extracytoplasmic function ( ECF ) sigma factors play a key role in the regulation of vital functions in the bacterial response to the environment. In Gram‐negative bacteria, activity of these sigma factors is often controlled by cell‐surface signalling ( CSS ), a regulatory system that also involves an outer membrane receptor and a transmembrane anti‐sigma factor. To get more insight into the molecular mechanism behind...