At the edge of the Amazon River plume, stirring by the North Brazil Current (NBC) and its eddies creates sharp surface thermohaline gradients on horizontal scales of 𝒪 (1–100) km. This study provides a comprehensive picture of these gradients and fronts associated with the region's distinctive dynamics. Saildrone observations show that the plume amplifies density gradient variability at all scales from 1–100 km, with frontal s...

Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) is a fundamental metric of global Earth system change, quantifying the cumulative impact of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings and feedback. To date, the most precise measurements of EEI change are obtained through radiometric observations at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), while the quantification of EEI absolute magnitude is facilitated through heat inventory analysis, where ~ 90% of...

The Arabian Sea and Sea of Oman circulation and water masses, subject to monsoon forcing, reveal a strong seasonal variability and intense mesoscale features. We describe and analyze this variability and these features, using both meteorological data (from ECMWF reanalyses), in situ observations (from the ARGO float program and the GDEM – Generalized Digital Environmental mode – climatology), satellite altimetry (from AVISO) a...

Garlic, A llium sativum L . , extract administered as a therapeutic bath was shown to have antiparasitic properties towards N eobenedenia sp. ( M ac C allum) ( Pl atyhelminthes: M onogenea) infecting farmed barramundi, L ates calcarifer ( B loch). The effect of garlic extract (active component allicin) immersion on N eobenedenia sp. egg development, hatching success, oncomiracidia (larvae) longevity, infection success and juve...

The dwarf scorpionfish Scorpaena papillosa detected the hydrodynamic signals produced by prey with the mechanosensory lateral line. This species displayed a pause and move search pattern that is consistent with a saltatory search. The pause phase of the search cycle was probably used to detect prey because pauses often ended early in order to initiate an approach at prey and prey were detected throughout the search space. The...

The detection of food odour by the freshwater eels, Anguilla australis and Anguilla dieffenbachii released a behavioural response to flow that resulted in direct upstream movement toward the odour source. Changes in various orientation parameters were observed as eels neared the source. Eels had substantially lower swimming velocities and considerably more variable heading and course angles close to the odour source (≤0·9 m) t...