The physical and chemical changes that accompany permafrost thaw directly influence the microbial communities that mediate the decomposition of formerly frozen organic matter, leading to uncertainty in permafrost–climate feedbacks. Although changes to microbial metabolism and community structure are documented following thaw, the generality of post‐thaw assembly patterns across permafrost soils of the world remains uncertain,...

A mechanistic, prey surface‐dependent model was expanded to describe the course and rate of gastric evacuation in predatory fishes feeding on crustacean prey with robust exoskeletons. This was accomplished by adding a layer of higher resistance to the digestive processes outside the inner softer parts of a prey cylinder abstraction and splitting up the prey evacuation into two stages: an initial stage where the exoskeleton is...

This study used 11 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci to determine the population connectivity of five geographically isolated populations of tope shark Galeorhinus galeus (Africa, Australia, North America, South America and western Europe). Genetic analyses revealed significant structure among all populations indicating a lack of population connectivity. These findings indicate that globally distributed populations of G....

This study examined the effects of prey exoskeleton characteristics on gastric evacuation patterns in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Three distinct stages were highlighted in the gastric evacuation of crustacean prey characterized by a robust exoskeleton. The experiments confirmed that the three shrimp species, Pandalus borealis , Pandalus montagui and Eualus macilentus , and the crab Chionoecetes opilio , were evacuated from the...

In order to properly manage and conserve exploited shark species, detailed analyses of their population structure is needed. Global populations of Galeorhinus galeus are in decline due to the exploitation of the fishery over the past 80 years. Currently, the genetic structure of eastern Pacific populations of G. galeus is not known and recent observations in the northeastern Pacific suggest an increase in numbers. To evaluate...

Final thermal preferendum ( T ) experiments were conducted in a horizontal thermal gradient tank from the beginning of August 2001 to mid‐November 2001 using Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from 6·5 to 79·0 cm fork length ( L F ). The value of T varied significantly ( P L F ( T = 7·23–0·054 L F ), with smaller (younger) fish choosing higher temperatures than larger (older) fish. The preferendum varied from 6·9° C for fish of 6·5 cm...