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Plants must respond to changing climatic conditions while continuing to defend against herbivores. While numerous studies have investigated how one type of stress affects plants, the effects of multiple abiotic and biotic stressors and their interactions are less understood. We used the Rainfall Exclusion eXperiment (REX) at the Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research site (KBS LTER) to quantify the individual...
Local Thermal Extremes Shape the Nature of Herbivore Plasticity That Controls Plant CommunitiesNARA Subscribed
Prevailing views hold that species' physiological plasticity may confer resilience to warming, but its importance varies across climatic gradients (e.g., latitude). Yet, along such gradients local species populations may experience fine‐scale spatially heterogenous variation in extreme temperatures and other ecological stressors. We show that at four Cool (mean diel maximum 29.83°C) and four Warm (mean diel maximum 31.51°C) si...
Ecosystem Effects of Predators Are Amplified Across Generations Through Prey Behavioural PlasticityNARA Subscribed
Predator‐induced changes in prey traits can cascade through ecosystems to impact biogeochemical cycling and community structure. Whether these effects persist, amplify or diminish across prey generations remains uncertain. We tested for predator transgenerational effects using a 3‐year common garden experiment in a terrestrial old‐field ecosystem. Predator exposure was manipulated across two generations of four grasshopper her...
New insights into gas-driven phase segregation in andesitic enclaves from Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake), USANARA Subscribed
A key process in active magmatic systems is the “recharge” of deep-sourced mafic magma into cooler, more evolved, and crystal-rich shallow reservoirs; recharge may be the cause of, or response to, eruptive activity. Although compositional evidence for recharge has been extensively documented, physical models of recharge are limited, particularly processes that separate exsolving volatiles and melts from rapidly growing crystal...
Herbivore Population Differences Rival Geographic and Biophysical Variation in Structuring Ecosystem FunctionNARA Subscribed
Geographic variation in ecosystem function is often attributed to differences in climate and soil properties, with biophysical constraints assumed to dictate spatial patterns in nutrient cycling, carbon storage, and plant productivity. However, biotic interactions, particularly herbivory, also vary geographically and can generate feedbacks that influence ecosystem processes. Using a replicated three‐year field experiment, we t...
To meet scientific, policy, and community goals, there is a critical need to strengthen research capacity, increase monitoring, and inform adaptation and mitigation policies to enhance resilience against ocean acidification (OA) and associated multi-stressors in the Caribbean. In 2023, an OA Needs Based Assessment survey of ocean professionals was conducted, engaging 59 participants from across the wider Caribbean to evaluate...
Experimental observations of CaSiO3-CaTiO3 perovskites: implications for Ca-rich inclusions observed in sub-lithospheric diamondsNARA Subscribed
Calcium perovskite is a major component of deep mantle phase assemblages and has been frequently identified, in retrograde form, as polyphase mineral inclusions within sub-lithospheric diamonds. Here experimental observations of synthetic samples demonstrate various properties of calcium perovskite minerals which have relevance for the interpretation of diamond-hosted inclusions. Ambient pressure diffraction and spectroscopy c...
A Global Meta‐Analysis of Passive Experimental Warming Effects on Plant Traits and Community PropertiesNARA Subscribed
In order to better predict climate change effects on plants and their communities, we need to improve our understanding of how various plant traits and community properties respond to warming, as well as what contexts contribute to variation in these responses. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled data from 126 in situ passive experimental warming studies on 13 different plant trait and community property responses. We t...
Plant community responses to the individual and interactive effects of warming and herbivory across multiple yearsNARA Subscribed
Anthropogenic climate warming affects plant communities by changing community structure and function. Studies on climate warming have primarily focused on individual effects of warming, but the interactive effects of warming with biotic factors could be at least as important in community responses to climate change. In addition, climate change experiments spanning multiple years are necessary to capture interannual variability...
Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Diet composition is among the most important yet least understood dimensions of animal ecology. Inspired by the study of species abundance distributions (SADs), we tested for generalities in the structure of vertebrate diets by characterising them as dietary abundance distributions (DADs). We compiled data on 1167 population‐level diets, representing >500 species from six vertebrate classes, spanning all continents and oceans....
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Managing groundwater supplies subject to drought: perspectives on current status and future priorities from England (UK)NARA Subscribed
Effective management of groundwater resources during drought is essential. How is groundwater currently managed during droughts, and in the face of environmental change, what should be the future priorities? Four themes are explored, from the perspective of groundwater management in England (UK): (1) integration of drought definitions; (2) enhanced fundamental monitoring; (3) integrated modelling of groundwater in the water cy...