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Gene Expression and Structural Differences Underpinning Black and White Colouration in SpidersNARA Subscribed
The presence of multiple color variants within a single population, known as color polymorphism, is a striking example of intraspecific phenotypic variation and a model for studying evolutionary processes. These processes depend on the underlying mechanisms such as the genes and pigments involved; but we currently lack such information for non‐model groups such as arachnids. We examined the genes associated with color polymorp...
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is expected to decline dramatically over the 21st century, with severe impacts for Northern Hemisphere climate. After 20 years of sustained monitoring in the subtropics, a detectable AMOC weakening trend is now beginning to emerge. However, continuous observations at subpolar latitudes are currently too short-lived to determine any weakening signal above the large-amplitud...
Expanding insights into plant rhabdovirus diversity through the discovery of viruses representing 32 putative novel speciesNARA Subscribed
Plant-infecting rhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae , subfamily Betarhabdovirinae ) include several viruses that cause important crop diseases and are subject to phytosanitary regulation. Despite their agricultural and ecological importance, the diversity of plant rhabdoviruses and their impact on plant health remain poorly understood. Here, we report 32 tentative novel species of plant-infecting rhabdoviruses, identified via...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Assessing direct effects of insect change on insectivore populations in the United KingdomNARA Subscribed
Declines in insect abundance are a cause for concern, with potential downstream impacts on ecosystem function. Insects are key food resources for insectivorous vertebrates, with evidence that reductions in prey availability may influence population dynamics. Yet quantifying direct effects at large spatial scales is difficult, both due to data limitations and because correlations may reflect shared responses to environmental ch...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The Rockall Trough, northwest of Scotland and Ireland, is a key conduit for the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and European Slope Current (ESC) transporting heat and salt toward the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean while mediating exchanges between the open ocean and the European shelf. We present a decade-long record of Rockall Trough circulation from the Ellett Array providing the first continuous estimates of heat and freshwater...
Boost or Bust? The Impact of Supplementation on Functional Genetic Diversity and Selective Processes in Tasmanian DevilsNARA Subscribed
Translocating individuals into existing populations of conspecifics can support threatened species by increasing population size, maintaining genetic diversity and reducing the risk of inbreeding. However, for species whose adaptive potential is compromised due to ongoing threats, like disease, the outcome of such management interventions becomes more complex. The Tasmanian devil ( Sarcophilus harrisii ) is a prime example, wh...
Longest documented coastal migrations of shortnose sturgeonNARA Subscribed
The shortnose sturgeon (SNS; Acipenser brevirostrum ) is a United States federally endangered diadromous species. Although SNS spend much of their time in riverine habitat, inter‐river migrations have been documented in northern populations. However, the inter‐river migratory behaviour and distance capabilities of southern SNS are poorly understood. In this communication, we describe two SNS that migrated approximately 425 km...
Climate change impacts to upwelling and shallow reef nutrient sources across an oceanic archipelagoNARA Subscribed
Upwelling delivers key nutritional and energetic subsidies to coral reef communities that affect the growth, abundance, and ecology of organisms across trophic levels. However, the cross‐scale oceanographic and atmospheric drivers of localized upwelling on many reefs remain unresolved, limiting our ability to predict how climate change might disrupt upwelling patterns and impact reef communities across geographies. Using high...
From Data Deficient to Big Data in Shark ConservationNARA Subscribed
Citizen science is increasingly harnessed worldwide to gather data otherwise requiring a prohibitive investment of funding and time. Meanwhile, the revolution in digital communication offers opportunities from crowdsourcing, big data approaches and social network mining to quickly and cost‐effectively fill major gaps in knowledge necessary to protect endangered populations. Sharks are among the most endangered and data‐poor ve...
Rationale and objectives Overdose fatalities involving cocaine continue to rise with over 5.3 million cocaine users reported in the United States in 2022. The abuse liability of cocaine is reliant upon inhibition of dopamine ( DA ) reuptake and consequent increase in DA efflux in meso-corticolimbic circuitry that controls reward and motivation. Cocaine also increases serotonin ( 5-HT ) efflux which is integral in cocaine abuse...