Gene-based therapies are being developed for retinal diseases, including RS1- related X-linked retinoschisis. Therefore it is essential to determine which variants are pathogenic and which are benign when enrolling patients. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) X-Linked Inherited Retinal Diseases (XLRD) Variant Curation Expert Panel (VCEP) brings together clinician scientists, molecular biologists, and geneticists to apply t...

We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...

The computational cost of dynamical downscaling limits ensemble sizes in regional downscaling efforts. We present a generative-AI approach to greatly expand the scope of such downscaling, enabling fine-scale future changes to be characterised including rare extremes that cannot be addressed by traditional approaches. We test this approach for New Zealand, where heterogenous regional climate effects are anticipated. End-of-cent...

Seaweeds are increasingly being incorporated into animal diets to address the challenge of intensifying food production while minimizing ecological impacts. Although seaweeds represent promising natural resources for developing economically and environmentally sustainable feeds, especially in aquaculture, the consequences of ingesting seaweed for the animals themselves are often unclear. Therefore, this study examined how the...

Victoria Cave, north Yorkshire, England, contains a long sequence of Pleistocene clastic sediments and calcite flowstones. Earlier work, using U–Th dating, established that the flowstone units formed in interglacial stages corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 13, 11, 9, 7 and 5. The intervening laminated sediments were therefore assigned to glacial stages (MIS 12, 10, 6 and 2) and regarded as rhythmites that settled fr...

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is expected to decline dramatically over the 21st century, with severe impacts for Northern Hemisphere climate. After 20 years of sustained monitoring in the subtropics, a detectable AMOC weakening trend is now beginning to emerge. However, continuous observations at subpolar latitudes are currently too short-lived to determine any weakening signal above the large-amplitud...

Aim The temperature‐size rule is often described as a reduction in ectothermic asymptotic or maximum body size with warming. Although this coincides with the expectation that faster growth under warming would lead to larger sizes early in life but smaller sizes later in life, there remain few tests of changes in size across ontogeny. Here, we use > 99,000 observations of weight‐at‐age of commercially important fishes over 25 y...

An unprecedented marine heatwave in 2023 caused widespread coral bleaching and mortality throughout the Caribbean. In the Florida Keys (USA), 2 foundation species, elkhorn coral ( Acropora palmata ) and staghorn coral ( Acropora cervicornis ), were severely affected. These species have been the primary focus of reef restoration in Florida for decades. Substantial losses of these species occurred in outplanted populations, in o...

Nitrogen fixation, the microbial conversion of dinitrogen gas to ammonia, is a key nitrogen source and critical for sustaining marine productivity. We investigated the diversity and activity of nitrogen‐fixers in surface waters of the North Sea and Norwegian coast during July 2023. We detected, for the first time, the presence of Braarudosphaera /UCYN‐A (up to 10 4 nifH copies L −1 ) and measurable nitrogen fixation rates (up...