Based on daily rainfall data from 252 national meteorological stations in the Haihe River Basin of China during 1961–2023, rainstorm events were divided, and four characteristic variables representing the hazard index of rainstorms were statistically analyzed, including total number of rainstorm days ( I day ), cumulative rainfall ( I pre ), average daily rainfall ( I 24pre ), and maximum duration days ( I dur ). Combined with...

Contemporary temperate forest ecosystems are fragmented and set within matrices of surrounding landscapes with various land uses, generating forest-edge habitats with distinct conditions that influence forest organisms and their interactions. Seed-dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is a prominent interaction for temperate forest understory plants. Here, we examine the effects of forest edges in common surrounding landscapes in e...

Improved understanding of both the Small Skeletal Fossil (SSF) assemblages and archaeocyath reefs of the early Cambrian Period is important to best elucidate the evolution of early marine ecosystems during the Cambrian Radiation. To address this issue, we investigate the well-preserved SSF fauna associated with archaeocyaths of the early Cambrian Xiannüdong Formation (Dayingcun Section, Nanzheng area, southern Shaanxi). The Xi...

Danaid butterflies (Nymphalidae: Danainae) in Asia form seasonal aggregations and/or exhibit migratory flights similar to those of the North American monarch ( Danaus plexippus ). In contrast to this well-studied single-species system, however, Asian danaids form smaller multi-species aggregations and show seasonal movements which remain relatively understudied. In this study, we used publicly reportable stickers to tag 15,918...