Understanding the long-term effects of bottom trawling on sedimentary organic carbon (OC) is crucial for assessing its role in carbon cycling and climate regulation. Most studies analyse effects on surface sediments (≤10 cm), leaving impacts on deeper sediments poorly resolved. This study investigates how bottom trawling influences sediment OC density (SCD) and OC content within 0–50 cm of the Western Irish Sea Mud Belt, repre...

Coastal waterways can be significant sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) due to nitrogen inputs and eutrophication. Here, we quantify groundwater derived N 2 O inputs and atmospheric emissions within a modified urban embayment (Sydney Harbour, Australia). Overall, we found low N 2 O saturation (91–171%) and air–water fluxes (−2.2 to 24.6 μ mol m −2 d −1 ). Concentrations were highest in upstream brackish...

Urban and agricultural development of coastal catchments is known to increase dissolved nitrogen inputs into estuaries; however, much less is known about how land use influences the production of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Here, we assess dissolved N 2 O dynamics in four nearby estuaries across a regional land use gradient and summarize the literature to put the observations into global perspective. Dur...

The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, si...

Developed for carrying out risk assessments under the European Commission ( EC ) Council Regulation No 708/2007 concerning the use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture ( ASR ), the European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme ( ENSARS ) is briefly summarised, and the ‘Organism’ module is applied to the 24 species listed in ASR 's Annex IV . Four other ENSARS modules (Infectious Agent, Facilit...

The effect of Anguillicola crassus , Pseudodactylogyrus bini and Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae infection on the behaviour of downstream migrating adult European eels Anguilla anguilla as they encountered accelerating water velocity, common at engineered structures where flow is constricted ( e.g . weirs and bypass systems), was evaluated in an experimental flume. The probability of reacting to, and rejecting, the velocity gradi...

Herpesvirus anguillae ( HVA ) was detected during disease investigations of E uropean eel, A nguilla anguilla L . at two stillwater fisheries in central E ngland. These represent the first records of HVA from UK eels. Both mortalities were eel‐specific and took place during August 2009 and July 2010 at water temperatures between 17 and 19.4 °C. Pathological changes consistent with HVA infection included haemorrhaging in the fi...