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The Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Unit 3 (900 C.E.) was a subplinian basaltic scoria eruption, the largest known to have occurred at Kīlauea’s summit. The initiation mechanism and cause(s) of this highly hazardous eruption remain poorly understood, particularly as this style of activity has not been observed in the modern period. We use olivine diffusion timescales from Fe-Mg and lithium zoning to assess magma storage timescales and ev...
The high-value tropical sea cucumber Holothuria ( Metriatyla ) scabra or sandfish is central to the ‘400+ year old global’, bêche-de-mer trade. Consequently, it has faced heavy exploitation and has become extirpated in some regions within its broader Indo-Pacific natural distribution. Recent molecular evidence has provided clarity on its taxonomic identity, indicating it comprises a species complex, with four broad lineages de...
A novel transcription regulator of Azospirillum brasilense involved in plant–microbe interactionsNARA Subscribed
Background and Aims For Azospirillum to promote plant growth, successful colonization of the associated plant is required. However, the factors governing the interaction between Azospirillum and plants remain unknown. Methods To examine these associations, a deletion mutant strain of Azospirillum brasilense FP2 was constructed by targeting the narL-like gene, which is highly expressed in bacteria colonizing wheat roots. We the...
Oxygen is critical for nearly all life on Earth, including aquatic species that breathe dissolved oxygen in both freshwater and marine systems. The rapid, global, and anthropogenic loss of dissolved oxygen known as “aquatic deoxygenation” threatens life in these environments, the human communities that depend on them, and Earth system stability long‐term. Recognizing the important and increasingly widespread effects of aquatic...
Intraspecific Variation of Edwardsiella anguillarum From Non‐Anguillid Fish From Varied Geographic OriginsNARA Subscribed
Edwardsiella anguillarum is a gram‐negative bacterium, synonymous with previously described atypical, fish‐pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda . Originally described from eels in 2015, E. anguillarum is an important global fish pathogen, particularly in tilapia. This study describes intraspecific phenotypic and genotypic variability among 17 E. anguillarum isolates from non‐anguillid fish hosts and varied geographic origins. Isolate...
Bottom‐tow gear fisheries (trawls and dredges) produce ~24 million mt of harvest annually, representing a globally important animal‐sourced food system. While many are currently sustainably managed, growing concern over the potential for ecosystem impacts from bottom‐tow gears has increased pressure to improve these fisheries. We assembled an international working group of > 30 contributors, including fishing industry particip...
Comparison of Six Data Cleaning Methods for Determining Repetitive Head Impact Exposure in Youth Tackle FootballNARA Subscribed
Purpose Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) are commonly used to quantify head acceleration event (HAE) exposure, but accurate interpretation requires rigorous data cleaning methods. This study compared six data cleaning methods for determining HAE rates and magnitudes, as well as cleaning method validity compared to the 5 th method video verification in youth tackle football. Methods Fifty athletes (ages 8-12) wore Impact Monitor...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Peripheral microRNA signature in genetic frontotemporal dementia—findings from the GENFI initiativeNARA Subscribed
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity, with approximately 40% of cases linked to hereditary genetic mutations, including MAPT , GRN , and C9ORF72 . Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of cellular processes related to neurodegeneration and as potential biomarkers for FTD. However, their relevance in presymptomatic stag...
Environmental factors shape the distributions of organisms and their underlying patterns of genetic variation. When climate changes rapidly, organisms that are adapted to current environments may become maladapted to future climates. Long‐lived tree species are especially susceptible to climate maladaptation due to their sessile nature and long generation times. Understanding how foundational tree species will respond to futur...
Adapting Species Risk Assessments to a Changing Climate: The Underestimated Vulnerability of Foundational TreesNARA Subscribed
Climate change is one of the top threats to biodiversity. However, many species risk assessment frameworks, including the globally authoritative International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, do not consistently and comprehensively incorporate loss of climatically suitable habitat into listing or threat categorization decisions. Using California's foundational, endemic and near‐endemic trees as an exemplary set of hi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...