Deuterolysin metalloproteases (M35s), a family of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes, function as key virulence factors in bacteria and fungi. In plant-pathogenic fungi, these proteins induce host cell death and suppress plant chitinases, thereby protecting fungal cell walls from degradation and preventing the release of chitin oligomers that trigger plant immune responses. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of the...

One type of parental effect occurs when changes in parental phenotype or environment trigger changes to offspring phenotype. Such nongenetic parental effects can be precisely triggered in response to an environmental cue in time‐locked fashion, or in other cases, persist for multiple generations after the cue has been removed, suggesting multiple timescales of action. For parental effects to serve as reliable signals of curren...