The Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Unit 3 (900 C.E.) was a subplinian basaltic scoria eruption, the largest known to have occurred at Kīlauea’s summit. The initiation mechanism and cause(s) of this highly hazardous eruption remain poorly understood, particularly as this style of activity has not been observed in the modern period. We use olivine diffusion timescales from Fe-Mg and lithium zoning to assess magma storage timescales and ev...

The global rate of ocean deoxygenation may be influenced by the molar ratio of dissolved oxygen to organic carbon consumed during microbial respiration. However, respiration stoichiometry and its environmental controls are not fully understood due to sparse direct measurements and limited global coverage. Here, we measured surface concentrations of particulate chemical oxygen demand, particulate organic carbon, and particulate...

Introduction The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are disorders that cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. There are currently >200 known genetic susceptibility loci for the development of IBD. The physiological impact of the majority of these loci remain a gap in our knowledge. On...

With over 40 years of history, the multi-jurisdictional effort to restore the health of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem has yielded some positive outcomes with water quality and natural resources showing measurable signs of improvement. The lessons learned from this multi-year, multi-jurisdictional restoration effort can provide understanding and guidance for ecosystem restoration efforts elsewhere. The 10 “lessons learned” from...

The importance of connectivity for freshwater organisms is widely recognised, yet in‐stream barriers associated with population declines and increased risk of extinction remain globally ubiquitous. Despite their negative consequences, these barriers can protect aquatic communities by limiting the spread of invasive species, leading to conflicting management goals in some regions. Selective fish passage is a solution for the co...

Meristic characters are often used to differentiate between closely related forms, morphs, and species of fishes, and lend insight into ecology and post‐glacial recolonization in taxa with complicated or contentious phylogenies, including the genus Salvelinus . Previous studies of meristics in Salvelinus have focused mostly on individual populations. We collated data from 456 populations/systems across the North American and R...

Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and so...

Climate change is transforming ecosystems and affecting ecosystem goods and services. Along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the southeastern United States, the frequency and intensity of extreme freeze events greatly influence whether coastal wetlands are dominated by freeze‐sensitive woody plants (mangrove forests) or freeze‐tolerant grass‐like plants (salt marshes). In response to warming winters, mangroves have be...

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coral Reef Conservation Program supports the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) in the United States Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico. NCRMP conducts standardized observations of biological, climatic, and socioeconomic indicators across American Samoa, Guam, the Main Hawaiian Islands, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, t...

Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first...